Development of a vaccine against canine leishmaniasis
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2026-02-24Abstract
La leishmaniosis canina, causada principalment per Leishmania infantum i transmesa per flebòtoms, és un repte de salut pública i veterinària dins del marc One Health, amb el gos com a reservori principal. Els tractaments rarament aconsegueixen la curació parasitològica i el control vectorial és limitat; la vacunació emergeix com a pilar de control sostenible. Aquesta tesi presenta un candidat vacunal amb dos antígens de Leishmania donovan)i un sistema d’adjuvants orientat a estimular una resposta Th1. En l’hàmster sirià, la vacuna va reduir significativament parasitèmia i càrrega parasitària en fetge, melsa i pell, evitant la detecció d’amastigots i superant dues vacunes comercials. En gossos Beagle exposats naturalment durant tres temporades, els vacunats van tenir menys malaltia clínica (12% vs 36%; OR 0,240, p = 0,0084), menor càrrega a moll d’os (826 vs 4407 còpies/mL), menys lesions a la necròpsia i respostes d’IFN-γ a antígens específics, amb seguretat acceptable (reaccions locals transitòries). Els resultats avalen el seu potencial dins d’One Health.
Canine leishmaniosis, caused mainly by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by sand flies, is a public and veterinary health challenge within the One Health framework, with the dog as the principal reservoir. Treatments rarely achieve parasitological cure and vector control is limited; vaccination emerges as a pillar of sustainable control. This thesis presents a vaccine candidate with two Leishmania donovani antigens and an adjuvant system designed to stimulate a Th1 response. In the Syrian hamster, the vaccine significantly reduced parasitemia and tissue parasite burdens in liver, spleen, and skin, prevented detection of amastigotes, and outperformed two commercial vaccines. In Beagle dogs naturally exposed over three transmission seasons, vaccinated animals had less clinical disease (12% vs 36%; OR 0.240, p = 0.0084), lower bone marrow loads (826 vs 4407 copies/mL), fewer macroscopic lesions at necropsy, and IFN-γ responses to specific antigens, with an acceptable safety profile (transient local injection-site reactions). The results support its potential within a One Health approach.
Document Type
Thesis
Document version
Published version
Language
English
Subject (CDU)
61 - Medical sciences
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Pages
126 p.
Note
Doctorat Industrial
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